November 2022

Smart Email Notifier – WiFi Edition

I finally got rid of the A9G GPRS module and Vodafone network limitations! After moving into my new apartment, I found that the mailbox is right at the front door, which is within my WiFi network range. This gave me the opportunity to redesign the mail notifier, breaking free from the reliance on mobile networks. I cancelled the ATtiny402, battery charging, and GPS devices, and replaced them with the ESP-M2 WiFi module, allowing the mail notifier to connect to my WiFi network. The new design makes the mail notifier more streamlined and reliable, and I no longer have to worry about its stability issues.

General Operation

The ESP’s main task is to send an HTTP network request when mail arrives, and to maximize battery life, the ESP is only powered on when the switch is triggered, and then powered off after the request is completed, which usually takes around 4-10 seconds.

To achieve this, I designed a special circuit. The switch input is connected to a 74LVC1G98 logic gate, configured as a NAND gate with an inverted input. Normally, the switch input is pulled high through R1, and the gate output remains low, disabling the 3.3V voltage regulator.

When the switch is triggered, capacitor…

RouterPi – CM4 High-Performance Router Board

Another Raspberry Pi Router! I’ve always wanted to use a Raspberry Pi as my home internet router, but previous versions didn’t quite meet my requirements. I needed two Ethernet interfaces that could handle 1Gb traffic with low latency. The Pi 2 had 100Mb Ethernet, and the Pi 3 had 1Gb Ethernet, but it was shared on the USB 2.0 bus, limiting it to a few hundred Mbps. There were other Pi-like products, but their software and long-term support didn’t look promising. So, for the past decade, I’ve been using a small fanless Intel N3050 mini-ITX system with a Gigabyte N3050N-D3H motherboard, which had dual onboard Ethernet and could run Debian Linux on a USB stick.

Then came the Pi 4, which had its own bus and 1Gb Ethernet on USB 3.0! However, I was still unhappy about the CPU overhead and power consumption increase from having to connect the second Ethernet interface to a USB 3.0 hub. This was the main reason I created a PCIe bridge “chip” to add a PCIe network card. But a few months later, the Compute Module 4 was released, and now there’s the RouterPi board: an optimized re-write.

Hardware

  • Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 with 2GB RAM & 8GB eMMC
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